Suchergebnisse

Providing comparative and international contexts to understand the history of the making of the teacher in Victorian England, this is a compelling account of the development during this time of teacher training, inspections and certification - reforms which shaped the good teacher as a modern and moral individual.

This article presents the results of two related studies that were interested in exploring the impact of international service learning (ISL) experiences on university student interns in terms of personal and political transformation. We report on the findings related to the question: "How do university students envision social change, and experience personal and political transformation following a long-term international service learning internship?" We begin by providing a background context for the studies, followed by a review of the theoretical framework, transformational learning theory, within which the studies were situated. This is followed by an overview of the research methods used to carry out this study, the findings and our analysis of the data. These were mixed methods studies using three data sources: survey questionnaires, interviews, and student blogs. Our studies demonstrate that while there is clear evidence of envisioning, personal and political transformation amongst the students who participated in this ISL internships, their experiences and the degrees of transformation varied. Our research points to the need for structured activities related to critical reflection to be built into all stages of ISL program planning, from pre-departure throughout and after the internship. ; En este artículo se presentan los resultados de dos estudios relacionados que estuvieron orientados a explorar el impacto de las experiencias del Aprendizaje-Servicio Internacional (ASI), en términos de transformación personal y política, en estudiantes universitarios que hicieron la pasantía. Este reporte es acerca de los hallazgos encontrados en relación a la siguiente pregunta: "Cómo conciben los estudiantes universitarios el cambio social, y cómo experiencian su transformación personal y política durante una pasantía de largo plazo del aprendizaje-servicio internacional?" Comenzamos ofreciendo un contexto de fondo para los estudios de caso, seguido de una revisión del marco teórico, la teoría de aprendizaje transformacional, en los cuales estaban situado los estudios. Esto es seguido por una revisión general de los métodos de investigación usados para llevar a cabo este estudio, los hallazgos, y nuestro análisis de los datos. Estos fueron estudios de métodos mixtos con tres fuentes de datos: cuestionarios de encuestas, entrevistas y blogs de los estudiantes. Nuestros estudios demuestran que si bien existe una clara evidencia de la conceptualización, y de la transformación personal y política de los estudiantes que participaron en esta pasantía del ASI, sus experiencias y sus grados de transformación variaron. Nuestra investigación señala la necesidad de actividades estructuradas relacionadas con una reflexión crítica para ser construida en todas las etapas de la planificación del programa del ASI antes de salir, durante, y después de la pasantía. ; Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados de dois estudos relacionados que estiveram orientados a explorar o impacto das experiências do Aprendizagem-Serviço Internacional (ASI) em termos de transformação pessoal e política em estudantes universitários que realizaram o estágio. Este escrito é acerca das descobertas encontradas em relação à seguinte pregunta: "Como concebem os estudantes universitários a transformação social, e como experenciam sua transformação pessoal e política durante um estágio de larga duração do aprendizagem-serviço internacional?" Começamos oferecendo um contexto de fundo para os estudos de caso, seguido de uma revisão do marco teórico, a teoria de aprendizagem transformacional, na qual estavam situados os estudos. Isto é seguido por uma revisão geral dos métodos de investigação usados para realizar este estudo, os achados e nossas análises dos dados. Estes estudos foram de métodos mistos com três fontes de dados: questionários de opinião, entrevistas, e blogs dos estudantes. Nossos estudos demonstram que ainda que exista una clara evidência da conceptualização e da transformação pessoal e política dos estudantes que participaram neste estágio do ASI, suas experiências e seus graus de transformação variaram. Nossa investigação assinala a necessidade de atividades estruturadas relacionadas com uma reflexão crítica para ser construída em todas as etapas de planificação do programa do ASI antes de sair, durante, e depois do estágio.

Tobacco has been grown in Tanzania since the 1950s and remains a designated strategic crop. As part of a transformation strategy, the government has turned its attention to strengthening farmer cooperatives. This paper examines the role of producer cooperatives in mediating between smallholder farmers and tobacco-processing companies. The paper traces the transition from public marketing boards to private sector predominance and contributes to an understanding of the dynamics within contractual arrangements between lead firms and farmers. A survey of 228 households followed by in-depth interviews with tobacco-processing companies and cooperatives highlights a shift in power away from village government officials toward cooperative leaders, as the latter have become gatekeepers for various development projects offered by tobacco traders (especially through Corporate Social Responsibility programs) sidelining village executives. However, cooperatives still have limited bargaining power to negotiate better deals for tobacco producers, little capacity to influence the inputs distribution system and no control over side-selling. These findings shed light on the political role of cooperatives and the limits of their incorporation into rural development strategies.

Contract farming in context -- Researching the potentials and limitations of contract farming in sub-Saharan Africa / Joseph Andrew Kuzilwa, Niels Fold, Arne Henningsen, Marianne Nylandsted Larsen -- Contract farming : fluid concept on firm grounds / Lotte Isager, Niels Fold, Marianne Nylandsted Larsen -- Overview of the agricultural sector in Tanzania / Joseph Andrew Kuzilwa, Daniel Mpeta, Marianne Nylandsted Larsen, Niels Fold -- Contract farming and value chain dynamics -- Evolving governance structures and contract farming in the tobacco value chain in Tanzania / Bahati Ilembo, Joseph Andrew Kuzilwa, Marianne Nylandsted Larsen -- Successes and barriers regarding small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in the value chain for sunflower in Tanzania : does contract farming reduce value chain coordination problems for SMEs? / Daniel Mpeta, Joseph Andrew Kuzilwa, Batimo Sebyiga, Niels Fold -- Contract farming and upgrading possibilities for smallholder sugarcane growers / Thobias E. Nsindagi, Jennifer K. Sesabo -- Coordination and upgrading in agricultural value chains : contract farming arrangements in the Tanzanian cotton sector / Marianne Nylandsted Larsen, Paul Maganga Nsimbila -- Contract farming and household economics -- Tobacco contract farming in the urambo district of Tanzania : which farmers obtain inputs on credit and which buy them for cash? / Bahati M. Ilembo, Joseph Andrew Kuzilwa, Arne Henningsen -- Income diversification of small-scale sugarcane contract farmers in kilombero and Turiani, Tanzania / Thobias Nsindagi, Jennifer K. Sesabo, Arne Henningsen -- Alternative aspects of contract farming -- Trusting your partner? : sunflower contract farming in central Tanzania / Frederik Brønd -- Contract farming in a covert sphere : conspiracy theories as counter-knowledge about sugarcane production in Tanzania / Lotte Isager -- Does contract farming empower smallholder agricultural producers? : lessons from sunflower contract farming in Tanzania / Joseph Andrew Kuzilwa, Daniel Mpeta -- Embedding the global tobacco value chain in social and environmental concerns : contract farming and corporate social responsibility projects in the Tanzanian tobacco sector / Marianne Nylandsted Larsen, Jonas Gillett